The Typical Electroplating Process

The typical electroplating process contains the following key steps.

1. Setup of the Tanks. Each tank that will be used in the process is properly prepared. The bath will consist of the correct metal ions (gold, silver, nickel, etc.,) merged with water for the process to be conducted.  Depending upon the metal of the part to be plated (such as steel or aluminum), the correct pH is set for the tank. The tank is heated to the correct temperature and the tank is agitated as required. Additives, such as a brightener, are added to the bath. A properly functioning rectifier is connected to the tank to contribute the correct volts/amps to the process. Tanks for cleaning and for rinse are also properly setup before the process begins.
2. Preparation of the Surface. The part to be plated, also known as the “substrate“, is thoroughly cleaned to remove grease, oil, dirt, and oxides.   The cleaning involves the immersion of the part into a solvent or alkaline solution followed by a rinse. Some substrates, such as aluminum, may require a chemical etch or acid dip to create a rough surface for purposes of adhesion.
3. Electroplating Process. The part is connected to the cathode and the material to be plated onto the surface is connected to the anode. Both are immersed into the tank with the appropriate bath and the electroplating is performed. The thickness of the plating is dependent upon the quality of the bath, the current, the temperature, and the time.
4. After Electroplating. The part is rinsed and dried and measured for thickness. If the part is below the minimum dimension, the part will be returned to the bath and plated longer. The part is carefully examined to make sure it passes an adhesion test.